Negative Effects of Global Warming
There are many predicted effects for the environment and for human life due to global warming. The main effect centres around an increase in the global average temperature. It’s been confirmed by at least 20 scientific societies and academies of science, as well as all the national academies of science of the G8 states, that the Earth’s global average air temperature near its surface rose by 0.56-0.92 C (0.98-1.62 F) degrees during the last 100 years. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes that this increase is very likely due to the “observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations, which leads to the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere by increasing the greenhouse effect.”
For humans, these changes in climate are particularly dangerous to those who live near the ocean shore and who already suffer from drought, flooding, and poverty.
The IPCC concludes from models that global temperatures will likely rise by 1.1 to 6.4 C (2.0 to 11.5 F) degrees between 1990 and 2100, with the range of temperatures due to the use of differing scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions and varying degrees of climate sensitivity.
Other effects of global warming include a rising sea level and changes in the amount and pattern of precipitation. In addition, there may be more frequent and intense weather events, such as more intense hurricanes, tornados, tsunamis, thunderstorms, blizzards, etc., though it is difficult to connect specific events to global warming.
Global warming is also causing changes in agricultural yields, glacier retreat, reduced summer stream flows, species extinctions, and increases in the ranges of disease vectors. The increased volumes of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released by the burning of fossil fuels, land clearing, agriculture, and other human activities are the major reasons why global warming has been occurring and increasing over the last 50 years.
Effects of global warming are expected to cause more changes as it becomes more pronounced; examples include the following projected climate changes (from Wikipedia):
- “A significant slowing of the ocean circulation that transports warm water to the North Atlantic; – Large reductions in the Greenland and West Antarctic Ice Sheets; – Accelerated global warming due to carbon cycle feedbacks in the terrestrial biosphere, and – Releases of terrestrial carbon from permafrost regions and methane from hydrates in coastal sediments.”
It is uncertain whether for sure these events will occur or to what severity they will occur if they do, but most believe that the chances of at least one of the above events occurring are likely to increase the longer and more severe climate change becomes.
Some scientific members argue whether there will be positive effects from global warming, but most agree that any positive effects will be greatly outnumbered by the number of negative effects.
Projected climate changes due to global warming have the potential to greatly and irreversibly change our climate that will have lasting impacts on both the continental and global scales. One effect will be increased precipitation, due to the increasing temperature.
As Earth’s temperature continues to rise, a very recent report from the IPCC shows that there will be an increasing impact to natural systems and people, especially those who live in Earth’s poorer nations. In 2002, Colorado, Arizona, and Oregon endured their worst wildfire season ever. Also in 2002, drought created severe dust storms that caused hundreds of millions of dollars of damage in Texas, Montana, and North Dakota. Since the early 1950s, snow accumulation has decreased by 60%, which has led to some areas of the Cascade Range in Oregon and Washington to have shorter winter seasons.
As you can see, effects of global warming are very negative on our planet already, from increased air temperatures to rises in the sea level to more severe storms. Currently, it is a challenge to predict how many effects global warming will have and how strong those effects will be, but most of the scientific community is predicting that global warming will have more negative effects on our planet and way of life the longer and more severe climate change becomes.
A Step-By-Step Guide to Setting Up a Wireless Network
Wireless networks are getting more popular as more days go by. They are easy to install and practical to use when it comes to surfing the World Wide Web from anywhere inside the house. This is why wireless networks are attractive in the eyes of internet users. It is fairly easy to set up a wireless network; however, you have to know several simple things before trying to begin your setup. To get better understandings of wireless networks, you can read on protocols of wireless networking.
To set up your wireless network, you would require a broadband online connection with either a DSL modem or cable. Usually, the regular home setup involves a desktop computer that is directly plugged into a modem. If you are reading this, we can presume that you already own a laptop which you wish to wirelessly connect to a personal computer which has an internet connection. You will require some hardware to do this, such as a wireless router, a wireless USB network adapter for your desktop computer and a card-based personal computer network adapter for the laptop. Obviously, it would be recommended to opt for the same vendor as any extra hardware that you purchase. Refer to documentations that come with the hardware for any process of installation.
After installing all of the required hardware, you can start with the setup. First of all, you have to turn off or unplug your DSL modem before connecting your wireless router onto the modem. If you need help, simply check your hardware’s documentation. After this has been set up, your computer is going to connect to the router wirelessly. Next, you have to configure the wireless router. You can use Internet Explorer to go to the configuration page of your router.
The majority of default settings are safer to be left alone; however, there are several things that will need configuring. You have to choose a one-of-a-kind SSID or name for your wireless network, which will also be your network’s name. Ensure that nobody near you is making use of the exact same name. Next, if the router needs it, provide a one-of-a-kind passcode which it will put to use in order to generate several keys. The last thing to do before finishing your router configuration would be to set an administrative password. Pick a password which is long and hard to guess for security purposes. Ensure that you save each configured setting. Actual steps that are involved with setting configuration may vary, depending on your type of router.
Next, configure the network adapter of your laptop. It is quite easy to follow the on-screen instructions on Window’s XP when it comes to this. Right-click on the wireless network icon within your taskbar and go to “View Available Wireless Networks” after the menu appears. The window of Wireless Network Connections will show up. Here, you should see your chosen name listed for the wireless network. Click on “Refresh network list”, if the network does not appear. After that, you will be asked to enter a key as you have written down within the key boxes of Confirm network key. Choose Connect. Then, you will see the progress of your connection while it connects to the network. Once you are connected, feel free to close this window. Your wireless connection is now set up.
How to Plan a New IT Network Infrastructure
Whether you are setting up a new business or office or making huge changes to your growing business empire, a new plan to develop a solid IT network infrastructure is required as the individual units that make up your business are crucial for smooth operation of any business. It is not just how each computer unit works, but how they all work together and how they are connected. This is what the network governs and planning it right will ensure optimal and safe performance.
Below are a few tips that will help you plan your new IT network infrastructure:
Decide what Network Topology fits your Needs and Building Layout
There are many different ways in setting up a network for IT usage. Each network has their own advantages and disadvantages and some others can be more advantageous in certain room or building layouts. Analyze these factors and weigh them in with the kind of features you need in a network. Common networks use the star topology including the IT businesses that adopt structured cabling systems. Who knows? You might even need to incorporate wireless capabilities in the network when things get messy. Draw diagrams or use CAD software to help get the idea of the network to avoid backtracking.
Fulfil the Requirements of the Network
Once you have decided on which network to use, you will need to identify and fulfil the requirements of the network for it to function correctly. This includes the basics of networking like IP assignments and answers to simple questions like, whether or not the network will use public or private IP addresses, how IP addresses will be assigned to the client, units and if multiple subnets are required. The best way to plan for this step is to use network simulator software.
Optimizing the Network Performance
After you did all the network IP assignments and find that everything is working, you can proceed to optimizing the performance for faster operations and more reliable computing as a whole. If you chose the right topology, you may need to do very little here. This involves basic TCP/IP tweaking such as setting the Maximum Transmission Units, Maximum Segment Sizes and other packet settings. The objective is to cater to your bandwidth limitations and squeeze as much performance on your network as possible.
Take Security into Consideration
Now that you planned how optimized your network is, you should then put security into the picture. Normally security measures sacrifice network performance, but if you optimized the network to the best as possible, there should be room for a little bit of degradation to give way to security. This should be taken very seriously especially on the larger networks that have lots of sensitive data. Not only security from hackers and viruses, but also stable measures to avoid data loss and corruption. You need to make sure your network runs stable and that minimal problems arise to avoid time loss on troubleshooting.
A well-planned network can immediately go to work after you start executing your plans. Don’t forget to test everything and make sure the network runs properly so you can switch to the live environment and launch your new IT network infrastructure.